Fig 2: Typical pattern of self-drill anchors with HT wire mesh system (left), Ground anchor and cladding wall system (middle), Mechanism for cable anchors (right)
Shotcrete is an all-inclusive term to describe the spraying of concrete or mortar either by a dry- or a wet-mix process which is commonly used to provide surface reinforcement between blocks of rock and also to reduce weathering and surface scaling.
Spar Geo Infra Rock fall barriers Solutions Provide are used to catch/hold at its position so as to protect roadside and infrastructure. Installing rock fall barrier system holds better where it is difficult to use other systems as defined above. The barrier can resist higher load compared to rigid concrete retaining wall. Different ranges of rock falls barriers are available as per kinetic energy that is impacting the barrier (500 kJ-5000kJ). Optimum location and height of post is decided based on trajectories.
Fig 3: Flexible rock fall protection barrier with components details
Mechanically stabilized earth embankments are system for constructing fills at very steep to vertical angles without the use of supporting structures at the face of the fill. The system uses horizontal layers of flexible metal strips within the fill to form a composite earth-metal system with high strength.
Micropiles are small diameter drilled and grouted friction piles comprising steel elements in each pile that are bonded into the bearing soil or rock usually with cement grout. The bearing stratum is logged during installation drilling to assure that bearing capacity is adequate. Micropiles do not rely on end-bearing capacity, so there is no need to establish the competency of rock beyond bond-depth.
Fig 4: Series of pile system to control the movement of unstable mass
Ground improvement techniques: – It includes (a) Tube-A-Manchette grouting, in which holes are drilled around the circumference at equal intervals and each hole is covered by a rubber sleeve which allows only one way (outward) movement of grout. (b) Rock fissure grouting for sealing the fissures in the rock zone (c) Compaction grouting (low mobility grouting) that displaces and densities loose granular soils, reinforces soils and stabilizes subsurface voids or sinkholes. (d) Jet grouting (high velocity fluid jets) is a grouting technique that creates in situ geometries of soil Crete, using a grouting monitor attached to the end of a drill stem.
Fig 5: TAM grouting process (left), TAM grouting followed by (1) Drilling at required depth (2) Installation of TAM (3) Sleeve grouting (4) TAM grouting at desired zone
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